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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*degu"lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"is notface="Times New Roman Star"íåò, íå
face="Times New Roman Star"tegu"l (MK Oghuz)face="Times New Roman Star"degu"l, dejilface="Times New Roman Star"tu"gilface="Times New Roman Star"degu"l (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"dejilface="Times New Roman Star"da":l








face="Times New Roman Star"tu"gu"lface="Times New Roman Star"tu"gilface="Times New Roman Star"tuwylface="Times New Roman Star"tu"gil

face="Times New Roman Star"dugul/face="Times New Roman Star"tu"we
face="Times New Roman Star"tu"gu"lface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 480, ÝÑÒß 3, 213-214.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gEnc?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young, childface="Times New Roman Star"ìîëîäîé, ðåáåíîêface="Times New Roman Star"kenc? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kenc? (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"genc?/z?|-




face="Times New Roman Star"ga"nz?|














face="Times New Roman Star"genc?/z?|-face="Times New Roman Star"genc?


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 727, ÝÑÒß 3, 20-21, VEWT 252 (not < Pers., despite Ra"sa"nen; see TMN 1, 488).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kubak ( ? -p-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"arrow shaftface="Times New Roman Star"äðåâêî ñòðåëû


face="Times New Roman Star"qubaq (Sib.)






face="Times New Roman Star"qubu 'pole'
















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 295.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAc?a-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to fast 2 fastface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîñòèòüñÿ 2 ïîñòface="Times New Roman Star"bac?a- 1, bac?aq 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bac?aq 2 (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 293. Turk. bac?a-k 'fast' > WMong. bac?ag.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to putface="Times New Roman Star"êëàñòü

face="Times New Roman Star"ko-
face="Times New Roman Star"qo- (Pav. C., IM)








face="Times New Roman Star"xyv-, xu-









face="Times New Roman Star"qo-


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 273, ÝÑÒß 6, 27-29. The root seems archaic, but in most languages (beginning with OT) was substituted by the synonymous *Kod- (v. sub *k`o>da), being preserved only in Chag., Osm. and Chuv.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kodyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"below, downwardsface="Times New Roman Star"âíèçó, âíèçface="Times New Roman Star"qody (Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qod|y (MK, QB)face="Times New Roman Star"koju
face="Times New Roman Star"quju, qujy (MA, Áîð. Áàä.), quji (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qujiface="Times New Roman Star"qujuface="Times New Roman Star"qozy, quzy, quzu





face="Times New Roman Star"(?) x@rl@ 'bowing the head' (KW 153)face="Times New Roman Star"xotu 'downstream; North'face="Times New Roman Star"kotun 'in the direction of'face="Times New Roman Star"quduface="Times New Roman Star"qudu









face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 596, VEWT 275, ÝÑÒß 6, 31-32, Stachowski 154.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tilgenface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wheelface="Times New Roman Star"êîëåñîface="Times New Roman Star"tilgen, tilken (OUygh.)



























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 499.
face="Times New Roman Star"*okraface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 pimple, pustule 2 disease of cattleface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðûù 2 áîëåçíü ñêîòà


face="Times New Roman Star"uqra 2face="Times New Roman Star"oqra (Áóä.) 1














face="Times New Roman Star"oqra 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uqra 'îâîä áû÷à÷èé'





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 360.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bElinface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hawkface="Times New Roman Star"ÿñòðåá




face="Times New Roman Star"belin (Chag.)

face="Times New Roman Star"beli-baGly















face="Times New Roman Star"belin|


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 69.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jularface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"halterface="Times New Roman Star"íåäîóçäîê
face="Times New Roman Star"jular (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jular
face="Times New Roman Star"jular (Pav. C., Houts.), jolar (AH)






face="Times New Roman Star"d/ular

face="Times New Roman Star"sular
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ular





face="Times New Roman Star"jular

face="Times New Roman Star"z|/ulur
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 932, VEWT 210, ÝÑÒß 4, 244-245, Ëåêñèêà 556.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyn-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to long for, covet, to be obsessed with 2 to long (sexually) 3 coireface="Times New Roman Star"1 æåëàòü, ñòðåìèòüñÿ 2 æåëàòü (ñåêñóàëüíî) 3 coireface="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- 1, 2






face="Times New Roman Star"xyn-, xynyx- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyn-, qynyq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xúnúx- 1face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- 3


face="Times New Roman Star"qynyq- 1








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 632, ÝÑÒß 6, 632.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ben|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bait, bird-seedface="Times New Roman Star"ïðèìàíêà, êîðì äëÿ ïòèöface="Times New Roman Star"men| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"men| (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"ben, ben| (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"men| (MA)



face="Times New Roman Star"men|




face="Times New Roman Star"men|ia" < *men|-eg (dimin.)face="Times New Roman Star"men|e











face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 334, EDT 766, Stachowski 178. Turk. > WMong. men|, see KW 261.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bun/gakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"female maralface="Times New Roman Star"ñàìêà ìàðàëàface="Times New Roman Star"mujg|aq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"mujg|aq (MK), mun|g|aq (KB)







face="Times New Roman Star"myjg|ax
face="Times New Roman Star"myjg|aq



face="Times New Roman Star"myjg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"myjg|aq









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 344, EDT 772, Ëåêñèêà 153.
face="Times New Roman Star"*orface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"red-brown (of a horse)face="Times New Roman Star"êàøòàíîâî-ãíåäîé (î ìàñòè ëîøàäè)
face="Times New Roman Star"or (MK, IM)









face="Times New Roman Star"or 'grey'

face="Times New Roman Star"or 'blackish piebald'



face="Times New Roman Star"or
face="Times New Roman Star"ur-g|ujan 'çàÿö-ðóñàê'





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 192-193, VEWT 364.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tebface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 time 2 day and night (*Teb-lu"k)face="Times New Roman Star"1 âðåìÿ 2 ñóòêè


face="Times New Roman Star"ta"wl@k 2face="Times New Roman Star"tewlu"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ta"vlik 2




face="Times New Roman Star"tep 1

face="Times New Roman Star"talúk 2

face="Times New Roman Star"teppiz?e 'earlier'

face="Times New Roman Star"tevlu"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ta"w 'at first', ta"wl@k 2


face="Times New Roman Star"tevlik 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 468, Åãîðîâ 229, Ëåêñèêà 69.
face="Times New Roman Star"*keler / *keler/ / *kelteface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"lizardface="Times New Roman Star"ÿùåðèöà
face="Times New Roman Star"keler (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"keler (dial.), kelez (dial.), kelte-keler (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"keles (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"ka"lti-ka"las, ka"lo|s (dial.), ka"lta" (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"kile|r (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"kesilk@face="Times New Roman Star"kelez, ka"la"z
face="Times New Roman Star"kilesk@face="Times New Roman Star"keleskenface="Times New Roman Star"keleski
face="Times New Roman Star"kalda

face="Times New Roman Star"xeleske










face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 30-32, 34, Ëåêñèêà 180-181; *keler/ > Mong. keles, see Ùåðáàê 1997, 126. Despite ÝÑÒß the Chuv. form cannot be borrowed from Tat; rather, vice versa, some Volga-Qypchaq languages have borrowed the Bulg. word.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KEbelface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a well-bred fast horseface="Times New Roman Star"áëàãîðîäíàÿ áûñòðàÿ ëîøàäü
face="Times New Roman Star"kevel, kevil (MK, KB)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 689.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sark-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to drip, oozeface="Times New Roman Star"êàïàòü, ñòåêàòü ïî êàïëå, ñî÷èòüñÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"sarq- (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"sarqy-face="Times New Roman Star"sarq- (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"sa(r)qi-


face="Times New Roman Star"sar(y)q-face="Times New Roman Star"saryx-


face="Times New Roman Star"s@rg|@n-

face="Times New Roman Star"saryq-
face="Times New Roman Star"saryq-face="Times New Roman Star"saryq-, sarqy-face="Times New Roman Star"sarq-face="Times New Roman Star"harqy-

face="Times New Roman Star"sarq-, sarx-face="Times New Roman Star"saryq-
face="Times New Roman Star"sarq-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 404, EDT 847-848, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kypy-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sense, invention, cleverness 2 to invent, think offace="Times New Roman Star"1 ñìûñë, èçîáðåòàòåëüíîñòü, óì 2 âûäóìûâàòü









face="Times New Roman Star"xyby-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyby-
face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|búw|l 'dexterous'face="Times New Roman Star"kyp 'dexterously'


face="Times New Roman Star"qybac?y 'experienced person'








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to plaster 2 eye pus 3 to puncture (a tumour, furuncle)face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìàçàòü, çàëåïëÿòü, îáìàçûâàòü 2 ãëàçíîé ãíîé 3 ïðîêàëûâàòü (îïóõîëü, íàðûâ)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"c?apak 2

face="Times New Roman Star"c?api- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-li- 1, c?apaq 2






face="Times New Roman Star"s/op- 'çàâîðà÷èâàòü ïèðîã'

face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 'to pour water and stamp (ground)'(?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-ta- 1, c?abaq-ta- 3face="Times New Roman Star"s?abaq-ta- 3


face="Times New Roman Star"c?apaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?abaq-s?a-la- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"(aq) c?ap- 'to blanch, pipeclay'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Àøì. XII, 248. Turk. > Hung. csipa 'eye pus' (<*c?apag|), see Gombocz 1912.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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